At the
same time of consuming large amounts of oil resources, the exhaust emissions of
vehicles have became one of the culprits of urban air pollution. The vehicle’s
exhaust emissions have met or exceeded 60% of the total the amount urban
emissions. With the energy and environmental pressures, developing electric
vehicles and promoting transport energy transformation has become the important
target of government in developed countries and China.
Electric
drive vehicles can be thought of as mobile, self-contained, and—in the
aggregate—highly reliable power resources. “Electric-drive vehicles” (EDVs)
include three types: battery electric vehicles, the increasingly popular
hybrids, and fuel-cell vehicles running on gasoline, natural gas, or hydrogen.
All these vehicles have within them power electronics which generate clean, 60
Hz AC power, at power levels from 10kW (for the Honda Insight) to 100kW (for
GM’s EV1). When vehicle power is fed into the electric grid, we refer to it as
“Vehicle-to-Grid” power, or V2G.
With the
popularization of electric vehicles and the construction of charging stations,
the understanding of people to the electric vehicle and the changing station is
not only confined to the transportation and the "gas station". It is
desired to exploit more extensive application. The concept of V2G was firstly
brought out by Willet Kempton of the Delaware University. The initial goal of
V2G was to provide peak power, that is, the electric vehicle owners charging
the vehicles in low load with lower price and discharging the vehicles in peak
load with higher price. Then, the vehicle owners can get the profits from the
V2G project. The functions of the vehicle in power grid were expanded, and the
conclusion was get that benefit of providing peak power is significantly less
than providing auxiliary services to the power grid . The V2G research also was
carried out in some other countries such as Denmark, Britain and Germany, etc .
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